near-surface measurements

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• Near-surface geophysics — is the use of geophysical methods to investigate small scale features in the shallow (tens of meters) subsurface. It is closely related to applied geophysics or exploration geophysics. Methods used include seismic refraction and reflection,… …   Wikipedia

• Surface layering — is a quasi crystalline structure at the surfaces of otherwise disordered liquids, where atoms or molecules of even the simplest liquid are stratified into well defined layers parallel to the surface. While in crystalline solids such atomic layers …   Wikipedia

• Near-field scanner — Electromagnetic near field scanner could be defined as a measurement system to determine a spatial distribution of an electrical quantity provided by a single or multiple field probes acquired in the near field region of a device under test… …   Wikipedia

• Surface reconstruction — refers to the process by which atoms at the surface of a crystal assume a different structure than that of the bulk. Surface reconstructions are important in that they help in the understanding of surface chemistry for various materials,… …   Wikipedia

• Surface weather observation — Surface weather observations are the fundamental data used for safety as well as climatological reasons to forecast weather and issue warnings worldwide. [Office of the Federal Coordinator of Meteorology. [http://www.ofcm.gov/fmh 1/pdf/B CH2.pdf… …   Wikipedia

• Near and far field — This article is about the electromagnetic concept. For the mathematical, see Near field (mathematics). Antenna field regions for antennas that are shorter than the wavelength of the radiation they emit, such as the whip antenna of a citizen s… …   Wikipedia

• Near-Earth object — Asteroid 4179 Toutatis is a potentially hazardous object that has passed within 2.3 lunar distances …   Wikipedia

• Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure — NEXAFS (Near Edge X ray Absorption Fine Structure) is an element specific electron spectroscopic technique which is highly sensitive to bond angles, bond lengths and the presence of adsorbates. It is widely used in surface science and has also… …   Wikipedia

• Surface tension — For the work of fiction, see Surface Tension (short story). Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave as an elastic sheet. It allows insects, such as the water strider (pond skater, UK), to walk on water.… …   Wikipedia

• Surface phonon — Phonons are collective lattice vibration modes, and surface phonons are those particular modes associated with surfaces; they are an artifact of periodicity, symmetry, and the termination of bulk crystal structure associated with the surface… …   Wikipedia

• Surface wave magnitude — The Surface wave magnitude (MS) is one of the magnitude scales used in seismology to measure the size of an earthquake. It is based on measurements in Rayleigh surface waves that primarily travel along the uppermost layers of the earth. It is… …   Wikipedia